Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: Thirty years of research (290 studies)

Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: Thirty years of research
saferemr.com, Feb 4, 2023 Update

Effects of Radio Frequency Radiation Exposure on Free Radical-Related Cellular Processes (290 studies)
Dr. Henry Lai, Professor Emeritus, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington

This document contains abstracts for 290 studies published since 1997 that assessed the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure on free radical-related cellular processes.

See pages 164-187 for the Table that summarizes key details about each study.

Summary

1. Of the 290 studies published since 1997, 263 studies (91%) reported statistically significant effects of radiofrequency radiation on free radical-related cellular processes; only 27 studies (9%) found no significant effects.

2. Change in cellular free radical status is a consistent effect of radiofrequency radiation exposure.

3. Effects can occur at low specific absorption rates (SAR) or power density of exposure. Seventy studies are marked LI for low intensity (≤ 0.4 W/kg). Of the 70 low intensity exposure studies, 68 studies (91%) reported significant effects on free radical-related cellular processes.

4. Effects have been reported at different frequencies, exposure duration, and modulations, and in different biological systems, cell lines, and animal species. These data support the assertion that “Radiofrequency radiation affects cellular free radical processes.”

5. Most of the studies are live animal (in vivo) studies with long-term exposure, e.g., daily exposure up to several months.

6. Some studies used mobile phones or RFR-emitting devices for exposure (see Table). The SAR and characteristics of RFR in these studies are not well defined. However, these studies should not be overlooked because they represent real-life exposure scenarios. Waveform modulations of RFR during wireless communication usage probably play an important role in biological effects which are not revealed in studies that used a simple form of radiation (e.g., continuous-wave or GSM) and spatially uniform fields. Researchers in bioelectromagnetics should realize that the perfect RFR exposure system simulating real life exposures simply does not exist.

To download the 187-page document (pdf): https://bit.ly/RFR-oxidative-Lai-2023

https://www.saferemr.com/2018/02/effects-of-exposure-to-electromagnetic.html